Molecular Techniques to Study Microbial Wastewater Communities

wastewater treatment (WT) is of major importance on modern cities, removing pollutants resultant from anthropogenic activities. The unique abilities microbes to degrade organic matter, remove nutrients and transform toxic compounds into harmless products make them essential players in waste treatment. microbial diversity determines the metabolic pathways that may occur WT quality treated wastewater. Therefore, understanding community structure, distribution, functioning for development optimization efficient engineering systems. Since cultivation methods can only detect a small fraction diversity, use culture-independent molecular has circumvented this issue, allowing unprecedented access genes genomes used composition function evaluation. Traditional approaches like RAPD, DGGE, ARDRA, RISA, SSCP, T-RFLP, FISH microarray, qPCR, metagenomics are techniques identifying depicting total structure their interaction with environmental biotic factors. Thus, review describes traditional state art which provide insights phylogenetic functional activities assemblages system.